Abstract
Calling behavior of virgin female soybean loopers, (Pseudoplusia includens (Walker)), was investigated in the laboratory at 24@*C under a 14:10 (L:D) photoperiod. Results indicated a calling pattern that was highly variable both for individual females over time and among individuals. However, some trends were apparent. The onset of calling showed temporal advancement over the first three nights of calling; the duration of calling showed a slight increase during the first six nights, while the termination of calling receded over the period then reversed its trend. The majority of females initiated calling three nights following emergence. The peak calling activity was observed around five hours after the onset of scotophase.
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