Abstract
The effect of environmental and lifestyle factors on patients with LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) p.Gly2019Ser (LRRK2+ /PD+ ) compared to idiopathic PD (iPD) has yet to be thoroughly investigated. In a homogeneous Tunisian Arab Berber population, we recruited 200 idiopathic PD and 199 LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser mutation carriers, of whom 142 had PD (LRRK2+ /PD+ ) and 57 were unaffected (LRRK2+ /PD- ). Case report form (CRF) questionnaires (motor and non-motor symptoms) including the Geoparkinson Questionnaire were used to assess environmental and lifestyle factors. In LRRK2+ /PD+ , tobacco use was significantly associated with a later median age at onset (AAO). The median AAO was 60 years (interquartile range = 52-67.25) for tobacco users, compared to 52 years (interquartile range = 45.25-61) for non-users (P = 0.0042 at adjusted α = 0.025). Additionally, we observed an independent but additive effect of black tea consumption and tobacco use. Our data suggest that tobacco and black tea have a protective effect on age at onset in LRRK2+ /PD+ . © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Highlights
The effect of environmental and lifestyle factors on patients with LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser (LRRK2+/ Parkinson’s disease (PD)+) compared to idiopathic PD has yet to be thoroughly investigated
We first investigated the association between smoking and age at onset (AAO) in LRRK2+/PD+ and idiopathic PD (iPD)
Because AAO genetic modifiers have been nominated for LRRK2+/PD+, effect sizes have been small and ethnicity/populations seem to play a role.[11,15,16,17,18]
Summary
Objectives: The effect of environmental and lifestyle factors on patients with LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) p.Gly2019Ser (LRRK2+/ PD+) compared to idiopathic PD (iPD) has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Methods: In a homogeneous Tunisian Arab Berber population, we recruited 200 idiopathic PD and 199 LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser mutation carriers, of whom 142 had PD (LRRK2+/PD+) and 57 were unaffected (LRRK2+/PD−). Case report form (CRF) questionnaires (motor and non-motor symptoms) including the Geoparkinson Questionnaire were used to assess environmental and lifestyle factors
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