Age and gender in Iranian ‘taaroff’ politeness system

Abstract

AbstractThis paper focuses on the Iraniantaaroffpoliteness system. We report a quantitative analysis of the attitudes totaaroffheld by 60 Iranians (30 women and 30 men) of two age groups (20–29 and 40–59 years old) and their use of formulaictaaroffexpressions in conversations. The data come from dialogues elicited from the participants in Iran via short scripted scenarios and from their answers to a questionnaire survey about their attitudes totaaroff. Taaroffexpressions were manually extracted from the dialogue transcripts and their overall use as well as frequencies of each expression were compared across the gender and age groups with the help of t-tests. The participants’ answers to the survey questions were compared across the groups with Kruskal-Wallis H tests. The results show statistically significant differences in the participants’ attitudes totaaroffand in its use in dialogues by gender and age group.