Abstract
In patients with rectal prolapse is the prevalence of colorectal cancer increased, suggesting that a colorectal tumor may induce rectal prolapse. Establishment of tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice after orthotopic inoculations of human colorectal cancer cells into the caecal wall is a widely used approach for the study of human colorectal cancer progression and preclinical evaluation of therapeutics. Remarkably, 70% of young mice carrying a COLO320DM caecal tumor showed symptoms of intussusception of the large bowel associated with intestinal lumen obstruction and rectal prolapse. The quantity of the COLO320DM bioluminescent signal of the first three weeks post-inoculation predicts prolapse in young mice. Rectal prolapse was not observed in adult mice carrying a COLO320DM caecal tumor or young mice carrying a HT29 caecal tumor. In contrast to HT29 tumors, which showed local invasion and metastasis, COLO320DM tumors demonstrated a non-invasive tumor with pushing borders without presence of metastasis. In conclusion, rectal prolapse can be linked to a non-invasive, space-occupying COLO320DM tumor in the gastrointestinal tract of young immunodeficient mice. These data reveal a model that can clarify the association of patients showing rectal prolapse with colorectal cancer.
Highlights
Rectal prolapse is the complete protrusion of the rectum through the anal canal
We have previously shown that colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to most of the cancer hallmarks, promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and metastasis [16]
But neuroendocrine markers CD56, chromogranin and synaptophysin were negative in COLO320DM tumors (Figure 2A)
Summary
Rectal prolapse is the complete protrusion of the rectum through the anal canal. Rectal prolapse is related to chronic constipation, acute diarrheal disease, cystic fibrosis, and neurologic/anatomic abnormalities [1]. Rectal prolapse is associated with pregnancy, obesity, perineal injury, chronic constipation, or other disorders leading to enhanced intra-abdominal pressure [2]. Rectal prolapse can occur as a symptom of colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients with rectal prolapse are reported to have a 4.2-fold relative risk for CRC in comparison with a control group [3]. This may indicate that rectal prolapse is induced by CRC. We demonstrate a murine model that resembles the situation of these patients
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