Age-adjusted Reference Values and Z-scores of the Coronary Sinus Diameter among Healthy Children and Adolescents in Southern Iran.

Hamid Amoozgar,Vahid Bazyari,Tahere Hajian,Puoria Moradi,Gholamhossein Ajami,Hamid Mohammadi,Elham Dehghani,Mohammadreza Edraki,Nima Mehdizadegan,Amir Naghshzan

doi:10.34172/aim.2021.120

Hamid Amoozgar, Vahid Bazyari + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.34172/aim.2021.120

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Abstract

Coronary sinus dimension is an important factor for diagnosing some types of cyanosis as well as congenital heart diseases and insertion of some devices into the coronary sinus if required. This study was designed to access the diameter and Z-score of the coronary sinus among children under 18 years of age. In this cross-sectional study on 95 individuals, the coronary sinus diameter was measured by transthoracic echocardiography in the four-chamber view at the connection to the right atrium, middle part, and distal end. The linear regression equation was utilized to determine age-adjust reference values, Z-scores, and the relationship between the individuals' coronary sinus diameter age, height, and body surface area. The study was conducted from March to July 2020 in Namazi hospital clinic of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. The mean age of the persons who entered this study was 5.87±4.25 years. The mean coronary sinus diameter was 4.91±1.29 mm at the site of connection to the right atrium, 4.50±1.44 mm at the middle part, and 3.74±1.32 mm at the distal end. Coronary sinus diameter correlates positively with the participants' age, weight, height, and body surface area (P<0.001). Coronary sinus diameter significantly correlates with the age, height, and body surface area of the cases. These features are useful in diagnosing some congenital heart diseases and insertion of suitable devices through it.

Highlights

The coronary sinus (CS) is the heart’s main venous drainage, and the greater cardiac vein and the main posterolateral vein form the CS.[1,2] Other major veins that enter CS are the inferior left ventricular vein and the middle cardiac vein that collect the posterior part of the left ventricle
This study aims to determine CS size and show the normal reference value in children and adolescents by transthoracic echocardiography because this method is used in the daily practice of pediatric cardiologists
The CS diameter was significantly correlated with age in all three cross-sections (P < 0.001) and can be calculated using the following linear regression equations: D1 = (3.901 + 0.187)

Summary

Introduction

The coronary sinus (CS) is the heart’s main venous drainage, and the greater cardiac vein and the main posterolateral vein form the CS.[1,2] Other major veins that enter CS are the inferior left ventricular vein and the middle cardiac vein that collect the posterior part of the left ventricle. Knowledge about the CS anatomy is essential due to its importance in different heart procedures such as percutaneous mitral annuloplasty, retrograde cardioplegia, and biventricular pacing It is important for deployment of various cardiac devices, ablation of arrhythmias, targeted drug delivery, stem cell therapy, and cardiac surgery.[5,6]. Methods: In this cross-sectional study on 95 individuals, the coronary sinus diameter was measured by transthoracic echocardiography in the four-chamber view at the connection to the right atrium, middle part, and distal end. Conclusion: Coronary sinus diameter significantly correlates with the age, height, and body surface area of the cases. These features are useful in diagnosing some congenital heart diseases and insertion of suitable devices through it.

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