Agarose functionalized phosphorus ligand for stabilization of small-sized palladium and copper nanoparticles: efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Sonogashira reaction

Abstract

Mono-dispersed and small-sized bimetallic copper and palladium nanoparticles were successfully supported on phosphinite functionalized agarose biopolymer. The new material was characterized using various techniques such as solid state UV–vis and FT-IR spectroscopies, SEM, EDX, TGA, HRTEM, SAED, EDX-Map, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst has been used in Sonogashira coupling reaction of aryl iodides at room temperature and aryl bromides at 50 °C under low palladium loading conditions (0.05 mol%).