Abstract
Drawing on the collective insights and findings of prior researchers in the field of draw solution (DS) exploration, we have synthesized agarose-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (ACMNPs) with precise control at each stage to achieve superparamagnetic properties. This allows them to be separated from the DS at the end of the forward osmosis (FO) desalination process using a magnet, thereby producing fresh water. Furthermore, coating the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with agarose, a superhydrophilic polymer, increases their solubility in an agarose-shell/Fe3O4-core structure. This approach represents the culmination of our efforts and ensures alignment with our desired objectives. In the experimental phase, Fe3O4 MNPs and ACMNPs were compared at different concentrations as draw solutes in the FO desalination process. The results demonstrated the effect of the agarose coating on the hydrophilicity of the ACMNPs. Ultimately, the findings indicate that MNPs, when appropriately coated with agarose, can be used as effective draw solutes in FO systems.
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