Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine if the self-heating pasteurization procedure is technically applicable to the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. Firstly the substrates alone (corncob, Pangola grass and a mixture of both ingredients with wood shavings) were tested. Two supplementation trials were then undertaken using soybean, wheat bran, sheep manure, sesame seed, black bean and chia. Highest production values (BE = 176.3% and Y = 26.6 kg/m2) were obtained using a 9% supplement, with a formula consisting of 25% each of soybean, black bean, wheat bran and chia, added at spawning and at casing. These results were comparable to those obtained with the Phase II compost traditionally used for A. bisporus cultivation.
Highlights
Agaricus bisporus is the fourth mushroom species cultivated in the world, with 15% of global production (34 × 106 t edible mushrooms, Royse et al 2016)
In Phase II, ammonia is reduced to levels that are non-toxic to A. bisporus (Laborde et al 1993)
The results obtained clearly demonstrate that it is possible to use the technique of pasteurization by self-heating to produce A. bisporus Portobello mushrooms
Summary
Agaricus bisporus is the fourth mushroom species cultivated in the world, with 15% of global production (34 × 106 t edible mushrooms, Royse et al 2016). Phase I is a composting treatment requiring between 6 and 14 days, according to raw materials used. Biological (bacterial) and chemical (ammonia) activities increase during Phase I composting (Straatsma et al 1995; Gerrits et al 1995). This phase brings environmental challenges to growers because of odors and slurries (Mamiro et al 2007; Beyer 2017). Phase II is a pasteurization process devoted to reduce competitor microbiota and give the substrate its biological selectivity. In Phase II, ammonia is reduced to levels that are non-toxic to A. bisporus (Laborde et al 1993).
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