Against interactivity. Phenomenological notes on Black Mirror: Bandersnatch

Street vice (anonymous prostitution, gambling, and the sale of illicit drugs) is spatially concentrated, con ned largely to black neighborhoods in central cities, even though demand is quite evenly distributed throughout the general population. We show how this pattern can arise through the interacting location decisions of sellers, buyers, and non-user households. Areas with high demand density (cities) have lower prices and more tightly packed sellers in equilibrium relative to areas with lower demand density (suburbs) under autarky. When trade between city and suburb is possible, competitive pressure from the city lowers suburban prices and seller density. Higher income households distance themselves from street vice, causing the exposed population to become poorer and disproportionately black. Even mild preferences over neighborhood racial composition can then induce lower income whites to exit, resulting in racial segregation. The relationship between segregation and exposure to vice can be non-monotonic and discontinuous: decreased segregation implies greater sorting by income, and hence larger wage disparities between city and suburb. If such disparities get too large, all sales can shift discontinuously to the city and result in higher overall black exposure even though more blacks now reside in the suburbs. This material is based upon work supported by the Behavioral Sciences Program at the Santa Fe Institute and the Richard B. Fisher Membership at the Institute for Advanced Study. yDepartment of Economics, Columbia University (bo2@columbia.edu). zDepartment of Economics, Barnard College, Columbia University and the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton (rs328@columbia.edu).

The proposes of this research are to find out some criteria of agrotechnopark’s area, as a description of a potential region for the agrotechnopark’s development, agrotechnopark area’s management of development and the development strategy of agrotechnopark area’s in North Sumatera. Some of area is used as a sample for this research are integral animal husbandary and the crop of food’s area in the village of Sei Buluh, Serdang Bedagai Regency, integral animal husbandary and the crop of horticulture’s area in the village of Jarang Uda, Karo Regency, integral fresh water fishery cultivation’s area in the village of Selotong, Langkat Rgency, Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari’s Agrotechnopark area, The village of Timbang Lawan, Langkat Regency. The result of the research showing that the some of integral area is reasonable to develop be a agrotechnopark area based on the criteria of technical, economical and social. the development of agrotechnopark’s region must be looking of physical’s potential, finance and develpment’s program is related with agricultural, animal husbandary and fishery’s sector. The development management of agrotechnopark’s area is needed as a planning (product and infrastructure), process and evaluation. The development strategy of agrotechnopark’s area is analyzed by internal analysis (strength and weakness) inside a current agrotechnopark’s area and external analysis (Opportunity and Threats) outside a current agrotechnopark’s area. This research is recommended that integral animal husbandary and the crop of food’s area in the village of Sei Buluh, Serdang Bedagai Regency is a pilot project to be a agrotechnopark’s area in North Sumatera, arranging a master plan to develop arotechnopark’s area in the village of Sei Buluh, potential, infrastructure and accesibilty of region, A good support, cooperation and coordination from the stakeholders are important factors to support the development of agrotechnopark’s area in North Sumatera. Keyword : agrotechnopark, criteria, region, management, strategy.

Purpose- The objective of the study is to develop a framework explaining digital storytelling as a solution to communicating about stigmatized products. In this study, women's lingerie was taken as the stigmatized product category. Method- The study was conducted in three phases; the first phase included an in depth study of websites and online communication of lingerie brands, the second phase comprised of netnography where the women consumers were studied and the third phase included in depth interviews of women consumers along with projective techniques. Findings- The major contribution of this research is the creation of a comprehensive framework based on stigmatization and storytelling. This study demonstrates the process of storytelling and how every part of the story can be managed with the stigma associated with the product. Additionally, the study also provides the features that each stage of the story should imbibe and manage different elements of the stigma. Limitations- The study is qualitative in nature. Hence, for generalizability, another quantitative research can be conducted. Further, the present study was undertaken in the collectivistic culture in the Indian context. Thus, different research can be conducted to understand the varied culture and the values of the consumers. Implications/recommendations- The study would help the brand communicate effectively to the consumers and destigmatize the products. Further, it will also help understand the way in which every feature of the story needs to be managed and issues be addressed effectively by the brand. The study has also proposed a theoretical framework by using the concepts of stigma and storytelling. Hence, the study has helped add to new knowledge in allied areas. Originality/contribution- Storytelling is a partly historical form of learning which facilitates communication. This storytelling is used by brands and organizations to connect with the consumers primarily by digital platforms. Thus, digital narratives and stories are developed which are relevant for the consumers. There is a dearth of literature on digital storytelling primarily in the context of stigmatized products such as lingerie for women. There are a few papers on digital storytelling and stigmatized products. But, there is no research that integrates these two areas and provides a comprehensive solution for this important dimension.

This study aims to determine the characteristics of the accident-prone areas (black site) and points prone to accidents (black spot) traffic, the location of the accident-prone areas (black site) and points prone to accidents (black spot) traffic, and map location of accident-prone areas (black site) and accident-prone points (black spot) traffic. The variables in this study using primary data and secondary data. Primary data includes determining the coordinates of X and Y, land use, and traffic signs. The secondary data includes geometric road, traffic volume, road capacity, the data event of an accident, and the slope of the terrain. Mechanical analysis identifying accident-prone areas (black site) and accident-prone points (black spot) traffic is Z-Score analysis techniques and Cusum (Cumulative Summary). The results showed that the characteristics of the accident-prone areas (black site) and accident-prone points (black spot) traffic is influenced by land use, geometric road, traffic volume, the capacity of the road, traffic signs, and the data scene of the accident.

The purpose of this dissertation is to identify some of the most pressing problems in the dominant contemporary approach to research ethics, and to devise an alternative approach that avoids these problems. I contend that the fundamental ethical values invoked in human research are often appealed to in contradictory or ambiguous ways, or in ways that do not adequately capture or do not show an adequate understanding of the specific ethical concerns of human research. One significant problem in this domain is that values for ethical research are often unreflectively imported from medical therapy, producing ill-suited guidelines that cannot capture the different ethical situations that arise in the context of research. Furthermore, ethical guidelines in this area are often not developed with a sufficient understanding of the deep philosophical issues that they invoke. I suggest that we can address these problems through examining the fundamental ethical concerns of research on a philosophical level. This method will reveal severe problems with the approach to two of the ethical values underlying research; beneficence and respect for autonomy (or respect for persons). Once the nature of these problems has been revealed, and with reference to ethical problems that typically arise in the domain of research, I construct a coherent philosophical foundation for research ethics, which both avoids these deep-seated problems and better captures the ethical issues that arise in the domain of human research. I argue that we need to radically depart from the values of beneficence and autonomy/respect for persons as they are currently understood in the guidelines. We need an idea of beneficence that is clearly distinct from that which is used in the therapeutic medical context from which this notion is currently drawn. I also contend that we need to move away from autonomy as a central value in research ethics. I posit an alternative choice-based approach to informed consent which is concerned both with respecting agents’ freedom of choice, and also with their wellbeing, as providing a good means of protecting and promoting the interests of the individual research subject. Although these two imperatives are often thought to clash on a fundamental level, I will show that, in research ethics, they can be reconciled with minimal conflict. Though this represents a departure from the ethics of medical therapy, this approach is far more suited to the context of research. This theoretical basis for informed consent can help to clarify the ethical problems that are specific to this domain and provide us with relevant ethical guidance in research ethics.

At the beginning of the 21st century there is widespread recognition that national and international health are inseparable. Societies are increasingly turning to innovative and diverse mechanisms of international health cooperation to gain control over the forces that are globalizing public health and related risk factors such as those outlined in this year's World Health Report (1). Consequently, international law is receiving unprecedented attention as a mechanism of global health cooperation. International cooperation is a fluid process which ranges from simply coordinating viewpoints on certain matters to setting hard rules in some cases. In the international legislative process, the corresponding continuum is from non-binding instruments, such as recommendations, guidelines, resolutions, declarations of principles and codes of conduct, to binding ones such as treaties. Some authors have recently contended that the boundaries between law and non-law, or so-called "soft law", are becoming blurred. They attribute this in part to the increasingly complex international system with its many variations of standards and instruments (2) and to the difficulties of securing widespread consent to new binding rules, whether by treaty or by custom. Although the concept of "soft law" remains controversial since instruments such as codes of conduct and resolutions are clearly not law in the sense conveyed by Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, there is increasing use of such halfway stages in the lawmaking process in a several areas of international concern (3). Recognizing the growing importance of international law for public health, this special issue of the Bulletin is designed to give readers some idea of its scope, and to stimulate debate about the role of international organizations such as the World Health Organization in present and future efforts to codify and implement it. Though these articles present a wide variety of points of view, they represent only a small part of the breadth and depth of the issues currently involved. Several of these articles show how the growing complexity and diversity of international health law are a reflection of growing multilateral concern about the threats and opportunities to health posed by contemporary globalization. Aginam (pp. 946-951) considers how the International Health Regulations are being reconfigured in the light of the global and multisectoral challenges now facing communicable disease control. De Seixas Correa (p. 924) reflects on how the public health community is for the first time playing the leading role in international treaty negotiations, namely with respect to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, for which he is chairman of the negotiation process. The Framework Convention is designed to tackle one of the major global risk factors facing human health in the 21st century. Responses to other global health risks have led to a debate on transnational dietary factors. With respect to international normative approaches, Chopra et al. (pp. 952-958) indicate that the national and international dialogue taking place in this emerging area of public health concern is relevant to public health international law, and highlights in particular the importance of non-binding, soft-law approaches. In the context of current global health challenges one cannot overlook the links between public health and international measures to achieve more sustainable development strategies. …

Certain serious doubts have emerged about the validity of discourse and policies, which see US as the unique super power that plays the role of a systemic organiser. Parallel with the ineffectualness of regulatory measures the US has been undertaken at several parts of the world, numerous numbers of countries, foremost China and Russia have developed in economical/technological areas. This development has reflected upon their diplomatic capabilities. This advance also limits the systemic efficiency of the US. Therefore, today we do not refer to a world order that based on unipolarity and structured over the American hegemony, but of a systemic outlook configured by multipolarity. Black Sea Basin also takes a pivotal part in these debates. A region, which is rich in terms of energy resources, located at the centre of energy projects, owns a great potential in economic and demographic terms and interiorises a multipartite geographic/political substructure, is impossible to avoid from the international systemic debates. The significance of the Black Sea Basin pursuant to the international system could be understood by looking the role of this region regarding the policies of Russia, EU and also Turkey, which aims to locate herself as a regional balancer. This present study will try to make sense of the regional outlook of Black Sea Basin within the scope of the debates on multipolarity.

The Augmented Reality is a technology that allows you to view and to integrate interactive and virtual layer to one reality image produced by the device on which it is integrated: mobile devices and new wearable technologies are predominantly used. During the pre and post medial era, cinema is alway been inclined to face the technological innovations and to be compared with them; nowadays cinema finds itself deeply connected with the digital world on different levels, in order to be hybridated in shape and style. This paper is focused on the audience point of view, in which are getting involved interactivity and participation concepts. The traditional idea of theatre, allows for further considerations about localization and deterritorialization. It gets from an immediate to an ipermediate fruition, even if we remain in immersive and pervasive technologies area of interest. That process inaugurates a scenario in which the user is the new addressee of a new bid, in order to think even more to a plurality of authorship. Diffuse Cinema, is one of the prototype, that is having a fair success margin. It comes to be a cinema, scattered all over the city, that finds out the viewer about the location of the different point of interest. It’s also settled to start a visual performance straight on the screen of the user device, once he turns the connection on. The performatives and experienced characteristic ensure that the bystander becomes for all purposes a spect-actor, willing to plays a role and to cooperate with the urban text, according to personal shape and style, for the purpose to makes the user become, one of the author of story.

This research explores the interconnection between oral history, documentary film and the emerging field of interactive documentary as an interdisciplinary creative strategy for telling factual stories of war and trauma. In doing so, it recognises the problematic nature of broadcast television documentary where uneven power structures can negatively affect authorship and story. The objective of this research was to ease this tension with the development of a new creative practice model in the field of documentary story telling, as an alternative form of representation. The immediacy, polyvocality and accessibility offered by this new form of communication and technology, when coupled with oral history and documentary film, is particularly suited to projects where marginalised communities seek to make sense of their experience, and to challenge existing histories. I have developed an innovative synthesis between the three approaches to factual storytelling, which I call Oral History Interactive Documentary (OHID). As a means of factual, multi-narrative storytelling, this approach is designed to meet participants’ need to speak and be heard on their own terms and in their own words, rather than through ‘hierarchical media as a forum for privileged voices’ (Mitchell 2015, p.9). My development of OHID is based on a dataset of 150 audio-visual original oral history interviews conducted with returned Australian Vietnam War soldiers, who fought at the Battle of Coral Balmoral in May 1968, at the height of the Vietnam War. It was the biggest and bloodiest battle fought by Australians, with more Australian soldiers killed in this engagement than at any other time during the Vietnam War. However, the Coral Balmoral soldiers’ repatriation back to Australia in 1969 was troubled as it coincided with major historical, social and cultural shifts in Australian society. The re-casting of the previously secure Australian national identity, largely founded in the legend of Anzac, resulted in the soldiers’ exclusion from imperatives linked to nationalism and masculinity. Instead, the returned Coral Balmoral soldiers found themselves in an uneasy relationship with an Australian society unable to reconcile a gallant military history with the contentious war in Vietnam. It is within these warfare and post-war socio-cultural experiences that the oral history interviews I conducted sought to record the veterans’ memories. To better understand the relationship between telling stories of war and trauma, oral history, documentary film and its potential interconnection with interactivity, Sandra Gaudenzi’s (2013) taxonomy of four modes of interactivity was critically applied and tested against a range of conflict themed interactive documentaries. Critical analysis of these i-docs helped shape ideas of how interactive documentary enables authorship and agency. Rethinking ideas of authorship and inviting co-creation collaboration, opened new possibilities in digital space for multiple and layered storytelling. Importantly for the Coral Balmoral community, it allowed for the emergence of contradiction leading to new interpretative possibilities. Making obvious the synergies between interactive documentary, oral history and documentary film enabled me to design a creative strategy and practice model for authentic telling of stories of war and conflict. As a result, I have developed and tested the first contemporary single battle post-conflict oral history interactive documentary prototype, 26 Days: The Battle of Coral Balmoral. This practice-led inquiry shaped my own professional practice as a screen media artist. The synergy between oral history, documentary film and interactive documentary has enabled me to bridge a gap in current factual broadcast storytelling, that suffers from a lack of informed, documented strategies. This research also looks beyond linear, hierarchical television documentary as a favoured factual storytelling platform to a new model of communication by offering a strategy that transcends some of the limitations of time-based storytelling. By offering a collaborative and three-tiered storytelling system, operating in a spatial and temporal environment, the OHID strategy provides a multi-tiered, organic framework through which witness accounts are recorded, organised, cohesively presented and engaged with by a user audience. In this way, the OHID strategy provides a framework that builds storytelling arenas for ideas and plots to unfold freely, run parallel to each other, or be completely contradictory. In so doing, OHID breaks authorial codes, whether political, social, geographical or institutional. Finally, the OHID strategy encourages collaboration that empowers marginalised communities to present many and alternative versions of experiences, in a way that opens opportunities for new knowledge and understanding. The Interactive Oral History Documentary 26 Days: The Battle of Coral Balmoral can be found at www.fsbcoral.org Please note that all active oral history interviews are marked with a white star in a green circle.

This report is the result of work carried out by the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities at the University of Bergen, Norway. The work was commissioned by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre at Ispra (Italy), and as such this report is the final deliverable of our Service Contract 257218 with the EC-JRC. The history of science has a lot to offer to contemporary debates on research policy and on science in society. This is especially true when the history of science is not seen as independent from political, economic and cultural history. This calls for a historical sensitivity also for challenges, problems, conflicts and crises; and such a sensitivity appears to be timely in present-day Europe, where the word “crisis” is taking a predominant place on public and political scenes. Having argued that the idea that scientific knowledge should determine or prescribe the course of action is in itself part of the 17 century solutions that contemporary society has inherited as part of the problem, the report suggests possible lines of action and reflection for the European Research Area focusing on European values including diversity and tolerance, universalism, democracy and public knowledge. The report also discusses Grand Challenges and Deep Innovation, reassessing the present function of the ERA, and what policy indicators might be of use. As the Commission’s in-house science service, the Joint Research Centre’s mission is to provide EU policies with independent, evidence-based scientific and technical support throughout the whole policy cycle. Working in close cooperation with policy Directorates-General, the JRC addresses key societal challenges while stimulating innovation through developing new standards, methods and tools, and sharing and transferring its know-how to the Member States and international community. Key policy areas include: environment and climate change; energy and transport; agriculture and food security; health and consumer protection; information society and digital agenda; safety and security including nuclear; all supported through a cross-cutting and multi- disciplinary approach. L B -N A -2 6 1 2 0 -E N -N

Exploring the Social Determinants of Sexually Transmitted Disease and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors

With the growing importance of developing skills in students of engineering courses, where the traditional model of education has highlighted the deepening of knowledge in the disciplines contents, leaving aside the formation of skills and attitudes, it shows in the educational institutions, innovations in models to develop their students. This article highlights the experience of an academic project using the concepts of Pascal's Law in Fluid Mechanics discipline. With freedom of choice, students should develop a hydraulic device. Crafted entirely by actively Project Based Learning method (PBL), the discipline makes up the curriculum of the 4th semester of Mechanical Engineering. Located in Lorena (SP), the course is taught in UNISAL (University Center of Sao Paulo) brazilian higher education institution that is at the forefront of innovative learning methods. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the practical application of Pascal concepts in the development of a fixed crane using recyclable materials in its structure and representing its functionality through the use of different sizes of syringes. The fundamental concept is the application of a specific force in a given area, in order to calculate the pressure at this point. The supports used for balancing the crane while avoiding the overturning of the same, were made from four syringes with the same diameter, representing the footpads. For luffing, two syringes were used with a diameter twice that of the outriggers syringes, to withstand high load. For the telescopic boom three syringes of different diameters were used in order to represent the length of the boom and subsequently the retraction of it. The project is to create a device with controlled movements by radio frequency and that its main functions are driven by syringes. Moreover, safety sequences were developed to avoid the shifting device with the high weight and rotation of the boom in an accelerated manner. Aimed at economy and efficiency of the devices, setting the crane will be calculated in every way possible based on Pascal's law. Developed over 6 weeks, the principle is the determination of the payload and the time range. Through an initial draft, it became the design of the rotating system, in which the load simulation was done by checking reactions and tensions. From cylinder specifications (bore and stroke), the pump, the design and working system were adequate in order to scale the rest of the hydraulic system. At the end of the project, it was found that the application of Pascal's law provided the movement of cargo through the minimum effort. It’s Important to emphasize the delegation of duties between members of the group, facilitating the learning process and especially the capacity for decision making, as with the involvement of all during the project development led to the practical application of the theory asserted evenly inside the team.

Children with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) often experience difficulties engaging with educational tasks (Mayes & Calhoun, 2007) which may impact upon subsequent learning outcomes (Rogers et al., 2011). Technologies that provide opportunities for interaction, such as iPads, are proposed to aid children’s learning and engagement (El Zein et al., 2016; Kucirkova et al., 2014). Interactive iPad applications may also reduce the need for adult involvement through providing real-time feedback and digital voiceover narration (Radesky et al., 2015; Schugar et al., 2013). This may complement the preferred learning style of children with ASC, who often experience low social engagement and wide-ranging social impairments (Pelphrey et al., 2011). However, research to date has not yet investigated the influence of interactivity on the learning and engagement of children with ASC, nor investigated the relationship between engagement and learning in this population. Moreover, there is a lack of consensus regarding whether children with ASC benefit from adult involvement during learning (Adamson et al., 2009; Chevallier et al., 2012). This thesis aims to address the gaps in the literature through four experimental studies. Performance on all tasks was compared to an ability-matched TD control group. The first two studies investigated symbolic understanding. Study 1 examined whether the iconicity of symbols (through animation and interactivity) would influence symbolic understanding. Participants viewed coloured pictorial symbols of a novel object (given a novel name) on an iPad in one of three conditions: static 2D images and either automatically or manually rotating images (providing a three-dimensional context). They were then tested on their symbolic understanding and word learning. Despite no difference in symbol learning or label retention between groups or conditions, the findings suggest that interactive iPad tasks may increase engagement (visual attention) in both typical and atypical populations and greater visual attention may benefit symbol learning and label retention specifically for children with ASC. Study 2 investigated whether providing a label, alongside the function of an object, benefitted symbolic understanding. Participants were shown a picture of an object and given either a novel label alongside a description of the object’s function or a description of the object’s function without a label. Children then interacted with an array of stimuli (pictures and interactive objects) in a mapping test and in a generalisation test for each trial. The results suggest that labelling did not improve symbolic understanding for either group. As children with ASC performed as well as their TD peers in this study, it is possible that a spontaneous measure of symbolic understanding (such as free-play) may reveal competencies in word-picture-referent mapping in ASC. Whereas Study 1 investigated the influence of interactivity on symbol and label learning from a specially designed, single purpose iPad application, Study 3 examined novel label learning and engagement within an interactive e-book, a setting more similar to every-day learning (Bus, 2001; McLeod & McDade, 2011). There was no evidence that learning new vocabulary from storybooks differed between paper-based and electronic mediums of presentation, and engagement was not found to predict performance for either group. However, TD children demonstrated better retention of the new vocabulary items in general, after a two-week delay. Study 4 investigated narrative comprehension and engagement with e-books vs paper-books. This study also manipulated the level of adult involvement by including two e-book conditions – one in which the experimenter narrated the story and one in which the story was narrated through an in-app digital voiceover. There were no significant group or condition differences in narrative comprehension, and both groups demonstrated a similar level of narrative comprehension across the conditions. However, on-task engagement (visual attention) was linked to narrative comprehension in TD children in general. Taken together, these findings suggest that interactivity does not directly influence the learning of children with ASC regarding three areas of language ability found to be weak in this population, neither positively nor negatively. However, interactivity was found to increase engagement – specifically visual attention – in both groups. For children with ASC, visual attention benefitted symbol and label learning from a single purpose application (Study 1), whereas in typical development visual attention benefitted narrative comprehension from an e-book (Study 4). Adult involvement (through labelling and narration) was not found to influence learning in either group. Throughout this thesis, these findings are discussed in terms of theoretical and educational implications, with suggestions for future research.

After the receding of the atmosphere of the cold war, suspicion and mistrust, the countries of Black Sea area have been able to undertake bold steps to be tightened the relationships among themselves. They come together and decided to how, in the age of globalisation of economies, valuable assets in their possession, such as geographical proximity, common history, cultural bonds and interdependence of their national economies could be efficiently employed for mutual benefit and prosperity. Foundation of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) bases on this intention. In this paper impacts of the gravitational factors on bilateral trade are investigated in case of BSEC region. The estimations of the panel gravity models reveal that economic size and population of the importer countries have a positive impact on trade volume, whereas the distance between them works on the opposite way.

Virtual reality (VR) has become a popular and immersive way to experience the world, both in real life and through literature. In recent years, VR technology has advanced significantly, allowing users to interact with digital environments in increasingly realistic and engaging ways. This has led to a growing interest in exploring the possibilities of VR in literature. Black Mirror is a British anthology series created by Charlie Brooker that explores the relationship between technology and society in a dystopian near-future. The series has won multiple awards and has been praised by some critics as one of the best TV series of the 2010s. Each episode is a standalone story that explores the dark side of technology and its impact on society. The series is known for its thought-provoking and often disturbing narratives that often present a cautionary tale about the potential consequences of technological advancements. The show is known for its thought-provoking narratives and often unsettling twists. Some standout episodes include "San Junipero," which delves into love and mortality, and "Nosedive," which critiques social media culture. "Black Mirror" raises questions about the ethical implications of our technological advancements and their potential consequences on society. "Black Mirror" provides a compelling lens through which to examine virtual realities and immersive experiences in both literature and technology. The series often showcases how technology can create alternate realities that challenge perceptions of self, identity, and morality. Through its exploration of virtual realities, "Black Mirror" serves as a cautionary tale about the potential pitfalls of technology. It encourages critical reflection on how immersive experiences shape our understanding of reality and our interactions with others. As technology continues to advance, the themes presented in the series remain increasingly relevant, urging society to consider the implications of our digital choices.