Abstract
In the present study, we report the solar-photocatalytic disinfection (SPCD) of a multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterium, Bacillus sp. CBEL-1 using Ag@SnO2@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites (NCs) as catalyst. Complete disinfection was observed within 210 min with a catalyst concentration of 500 mg/L when subjected to NCs mediated PCD under solar irradiation. H2O2 was found to be the key reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in SPCD of targeted bacteria. Increase in production of 4-HNE along with change in fatty acid profile of bacteria after SPCD induced oxidative stress indicates the compromisation of bacterial cell membrane. Irreversible change in antibiotic resistance profile of the target bacteria was notice after SPCD, without recovery even after 96 h post disinfection experiments. Traditional disinfectants and UV-250 nm were found to have marginal impact on the resistance profile of the bacteria compared to that of SPCD. Disinfection achieved using the NCs were also validated for real water samples.
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