Abstract
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of Ti alloys was carried out in three different electrolytes based on Ca and P compounds. For the first time, the PEO TiO2-based coatings were subjected to ion implantation with Ag and Pt ions to form Ag(Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) on their surface. The PEO coatings released a high amount of Ca and P ions resulting in fast mineralization during their exposure in simulated body fluid. The TiO2, Ag/TiO2, and Pt/TiO2 samples generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) after being exposed to various irradiation conditions (UV, visible light, and storage in the dark). The Ag-doped TiO2 coating exhibited a strong bactericidal effect against E. coli U20 (antibiotic-sensitive), E. coli K261 (antibiotic-resistant), S. aureus 839, and S. aureus 224/228 (methicillin-resistant) strains and inhibited the early stage of their biofilm formation. The Pt/TiO2 sample was effective toward E. coli U20 and antiadhesive for S. aureus 224/228 strains. The surface of TiO2-based coatings was adhesive for osteoblastic cells and able to maintain a high level of MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation. Cytocompatibility of the TiO2, Ag/TiO2, and Pt/TiO2 coatings was also confirmed by MTT assay. Good in vitro mineralization ability and high antibacterial efficiency of the Ag/TiO2 coatings were achieved with only short-term reduction in the osteoblastic cell proliferation and ALP activity.
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