Abstract
Synthesizing and doping process of p-type zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire arrays (NWAs) through chemical bath deposition is still a challenge. We systematically investigate the growth of ZnO NWAs in a pH-controlled aqueous media. This study helps us to successfully grow copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) incorporated NWAs. The optimum pH values for NWA growth and doping are 6.8 and 10.8. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images reveal the finest ZnO NWAs with the length of 1.3 µm (70 nm in diameter) for pH = 6.8 and 8.2 µm (170 nm in diameter) for pH = 10.8, respectively. Moreover, high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HRXPS) demonstrates the peaks of Cu and Ag at their specific binding energies especially in pH of 6.8. A slight shift to lower angles of (002) peak in X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of doped samples is also detected relative to the presence of Ag+ (rAg+ = 115 pm) and Cu+ (rCu+ = 77 pm) which have higher ionic radii than Zn2+ (rZn2+ = 74 pm). A lattice expansion is also observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) confirming an average increase in interplanar spacing of 5 pm and 20 pm for copper and silver-doped samples, respectively. Finally, diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) graphs show a red-shift in the UV-absorption of doped samples regarding to obtaining Ag or Cu doped NWAs.
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