Abstract

William’s legacies, financial and institutional, are examined. He had developed the standards of accuracy for a British national cartography, taking it far further than the well-established county mapping. On this basis, and under the Board of Ordnance, the Duke of Richmond now established the Trigonometrical Operation which proved to be the starting point of the Ordnance Survey and which was a fundamental support for commercial map-makers. Away from cartography, William’s influential volume on Military Antiquities of the Romans in North Britain was published posthumously by the Society of Antiquaries. In his life he had achieved a reputation for accuracy and consistency, for meticulous scientific experiments, for sound advice in the defence of the realm, and for advancing the practical utility of maps.

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