Abstract
El Dorado was the mythical kingdom where unimaginable treasures of gold were to be found. Many had heard about it, many died in quest of it, but no-one had actually seen it. The no less exciting, but rather less hazardous, field of human evolutionary genetics has its own El Dorado – a wealth of binary polymorphisms on the nonrecombining region of the Y chromosome, mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms, which we knew had been discovered but could not deploy. Previous studies have used few polymorphisms, and the resolution of the haplotypes they define has been poor. Nonetheless, the potential of the Y chromosome has become clear, with new insights being gained into the origins of modern humans, the peopling of the Americas and Polynesia, the Jewish diaspora and sex-biased gene flow in the European colonizations after 1492, to give but a few examples.
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