Aféresis de lipoproteínas de baja densidad en la hipercolesterolemia familiar resistente al tratamiento médico convencional intensivo

Abstract

Background and objectiveThe aim of our study is to analyze the effect and security of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) apheresis in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) subjects who did not response to conventional intensive optimized medical treatment. Patients and methodsSeven heterozygous FH subjects and one homozygous apoB familial defective were studied. All subjects were on secondary prevention with highest statins doses in association with other hypolipemiant drugs; the mean LDL-C reduction was 20%. All of them were treated with LDL apheresis (immunoabsorption) for a mean of 4.25 years. ResultsLDL apheresis resulted in a 68.3% decrease in LDL-C and 58.2% in apoB plasma values (P<.001). After an average of 3 years of follow-up, the cardiovascular events disappeared in 4 out of 5 symptomatic patients while in one patient the events were reduced in 75%. Four moderate side effects were reported in 820 apheresis procedures. ConclusionsLDL apheresis is a well-tolerated and safe treatment in FH patients who do not response to intensive conventional optimized medical treatment. The main limitation is its economical cost and low accessibility.