Abstract
Genetic diversity enrichment is urgently necessary to develop climate-resilient faba bean cultivars. The present study aimed to measure the enrichment of genetic diversity and changes in the population structure of faba bean, following induced mutagenesis. 120 samples, including 116 M2 mutant plants, generated by exposing the ILB4347 accession to four mutagen treatments (25 and 50 Gray gamma radiation and 0.01%, and 0.05% diethyl sulfate) and four reference genotypes were characterized using 11 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations. The AFLP markers generated 1687 polymorphic alleles, including 756 alleles (45%) that were detected infrequently (f ≤ 0.1). The total allele count of the mutant plants ranged from 117 to 545. We observed a wide range of banding patterns and counts among the mutant plants, showing the high genetic diversity induced by mutation. Mutations also changed the population structure, by altering 31.78% of the total membership coefficient (Q). Although mutations changed the population structure, Nei’s genetic distance showed that the mutant population remained closely related to its control parent. This is the first report examining genetic diversity and population changes in faba bean mutant populations and, thus, could facilitate the application of induced mutagenesis during faba bean breeding.
Highlights
Modern plant breeding and agronomic techniques have increased global food production by an average of 32 million metric tons per year, between 1961 to 2007
Eleven amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations were used to assess the genetic diversity among the mutant plants
The number of alleles obtained exceeded those described by previous studies examining genetic diversity in faba bean populations, such as the 302 alleles in 255 samples identified using simple sequence repeat (SSR) [25], the 104 alleles in 187 samples identified using nuclear SSR [40], the 657 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identified in 45 samples [24], the 1036 alleles detected in 58 samples using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) [23], the 209 alleles detected in 802 samples using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) [22], the 71 alleles identified in 34 samples using ISSR [41], and the 289 alleles examined in 28 samples using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) [19]
Summary
Modern plant breeding and agronomic techniques have increased global food production by an average of 32 million metric tons per year, between 1961 to 2007. Organization (FAO) has predicted more than an additional 70% of food will be necessary to feed nine billion people in 2050, which will require an increase in food production of 44 million metric tons per year, annual incremental increases of 37% [1,2]. Crops that are resilient to changes in the environment, including biotic and abiotic stresses, are urgently necessary to adequately feed the growing population. The development of climate-resilient crops depends on the availability of genetic diversity. Liu et al [7] explained that domestication, the oldest breeding method recognized by human history, has reduced genetic diversity by changing the pattern of gene expression
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