Abstract
The paper examines both field experience and research on the prevention of the exponential growth of aflatoxins during multi-month post-harvest storage in hot, humid countries. The approach described is the application of modern safe storage methods using flexible, Ultra Hermetic™ structures that create an unbreatheable atmosphere through insect and microorganism respiration alone, without use of chemicals, fumigants, or pumps. Laboratory and field data are cited and specific examples are given describing the uses of Ultra Hermetic storage to prevent the growth of aflatoxins with their significant public health consequences. Also discussed is the presently limited quantitative information on the relative occurrence of excessive levels of aflatoxin (>20 ppb) before vs. after multi-month storage of such crops as maize, rice, and peanuts when under high humidity, high temperature conditions and, consequently, the need for further research to determine the frequency at which excessive aflatoxin levels are reached in the field vs. after months of post-harvest storage. The significant work being done to reduce aflatoxin levels in the field is mentioned, as well as its probable implications on post-harvest storage. Also described is why, with some crops such as peanuts, using Ultra Hermetic storage may require injection of carbon dioxide, or use of an oxygen absorber as an accelerant. The case of peanuts is discussed and experimental data is described.
Highlights
Aflatoxins (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) are widely recognized as a major health problem, especially in hot, humid countries
Laboratory and field data are cited and specific examples are given describing the uses of Ultra Hermetic storage to prevent the growth of aflatoxins with their significant public health consequences
Williams of the University of Georgia, USA, cites a survey of local African markets showing that 40% of the commodities found there exceeded permissible aflatoxin levels and that an estimated 4.5 billion people in developing countries are at risk of uncontrolled or poorly controlled exposure to aflatoxins, and up to 40% of commodities in local African markets exceed allowable levels of aflatoxins in foods (Williams, 2011)
Summary
Reviewed by: Theo Varzakas, Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Greece David Okello Kalule, National Semi Arid Resources Research Institute, Serere, Uganda. The paper examines both field experience and research on the prevention of the exponential growth of aflatoxins during multi-month post-harvest storage in hot, humid countries. Laboratory and field data are cited and specific examples are given describing the uses of Ultra Hermetic storage to prevent the growth of aflatoxins with their significant public health consequences. Discussed is the presently limited quantitative information on the relative occurrence of excessive levels of aflatoxin (>20 ppb) before vs after multi-month storage of such crops as maize, rice, and peanuts when under high humidity, high temperature conditions and, the need for further research to determine the frequency at which excessive aflatoxin levels are reached in the field vs after months of post-harvest storage.
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