Abstract
A preliminary approach to achieve compatible simultaneous extraction of aflatoxin and residual oil from pressed oil meals was conducted to determine the minimum amount of water to be added to ethanol versus necessary time to achieve complete removal of aflatoxin. Commercial anhydrous, 96, 93 and 90°GL ethanol were utilized in trials with Soxhlet extractors. Commercial anhydrous ethanol did not remove aflatoxin completely and the extraction efficiency in minutes was directly proportional to the amount of water present in the ethanol, as expected. Although 96°GL ethanol was efficient, alcoholic strengths between 96 and 99°GL need be evaluated to improve oil extraction, provided they do not decrease aflatoxin removal efficiency.
Highlights
The removal or destruction of aflatoxin in oil meals has been tried in the last twenty five years, attempting to recover an excellent source of protein for use in animal feeding and even in human diet for low income populations.Two procedures for the destruction of aflatoxin have attained some success in some parts of the world such as the utilization of hydrogen peroxide in India (SREENIVASAMURTHY et al, 1967) and the ammoniation process in the USA for cottonseed meals (GARDNER et al, 1971).Several solvents and solvent mixtures have proved to be efficient in removing aflatoxins from contaminated food materials, once aflatoxin is not extracted by hexane during oil extraction
The extraction was conducted in Soxhlet extractors during 90 to 300 minutes depending on the alcoholic strength of the mixture.Commercial anhydrous, 96, 93 and 90°GL ethanol were used in the extractions, with five replicates
The 50% reduction in 180 min may be due to the moisture content of the peanut meal at the beginning, since further on, until 300 min no more aflatoxin was removed
Summary
The removal or destruction of aflatoxin in oil meals has been tried in the last twenty five years, attempting to recover an excellent source of protein for use in animal feeding and even in human diet for low income populations. The change from hexane to ethanol would lead to some advantages, one of the most important being the possibility of removing aflatoxins from contaminated oil meals, especially peanut and cottonseed meals As it is known, the increase of water in ethanol renders oil extraction difficult and favors aflatoxin removal. The increase of water in ethanol renders oil extraction difficult and favors aflatoxin removal Due to all those possibilities some technical studies have been made for the extraction of oil with ethanol as well as for the integration of alcohol distilleries/oil mills in the same site, with advantages to both, mainly because there is an increasing consortiation of peanut crop with sugar cane plantations
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