Abstract
Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and total Aflatoxins (AFT) contaminated feed effect on aflatoxins residue level in eggs, muscles (breast, leg), organs (liver, kidney, gizzard) and excreted aflatoxins in chicken litter of layer hens were monitored. Laying hens were on four level s of aflatoxins for 6 weeks and monitored weekly fo r the change in both AFB1 and AFT levels. Pronouncedly, the AFB1 and AFT were detected in eggs, muscles (legs, breast), organs (liver, kidney and g izzard) and litter in noticeable amounts. Total Aflatoxin (AFT) level was lowest in chicken breast (0.63 ppb) and highest in liver (2.12 ppb) and gizzard (1.22 ppb) of chicken fed diet with 965.12 ppb. Whereas, AFB1 residue was 0.66 ppb in eggs, 1.59 ppb in liver tissues of hens given feed contam inated with 894.12 ppb. Residue level of AFB1 was high in liver and kidney of all treatments. The chi cken breast tissues were lowest in AFB1 and AFT of values 0.72 and 0.63, respectively. Eggs production was significantly (p<0.05) affected with AFB1 contaminated feed and egg production was decreased by more than 30%.
Highlights
Mycotoxins are group of toxic compounds detected in 1960s (Asao et al, 1965) known as bisfuranocoumarines compounds found in grains contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as the most potent toxins of teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effect (Mishra and Das, 2003; IARC, 2002; Williams et al, 2009; Manning et al, 2005; Bintvihok et al, 2003; Khan et al, 2010; Arana et al, 2011)
The muscle and organs of layer hens after 7 weeks of production and fed diet contaminated with AFB1 and Total AF were found to contain higher levels of AFT and AFB1 with an increase in the levels feed aflatoxin concentration, of feed contaminated with 894.12 or 965.61 ppb and 190.02 or 192.61 ppb for AFB1and AFT, respectively (Table 2 and 3)
The results were in agreement with the results found by Hussain et al (2010) who found that the increase in the level of AFB1 in the diet increase the residue level in muscles of layer chickens and in accordance with results reported by Zaghini et al (2005) who found the increase in liver AFB1 and AFM1 with dose increase of AFB1 in feeds provided to broiler and laying hens
Summary
Mycotoxins are group of toxic compounds detected in 1960s (Asao et al, 1965) known as bisfuranocoumarines compounds found in grains contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as the most potent toxins of teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effect (Mishra and Das, 2003; IARC, 2002; Williams et al, 2009; Manning et al, 2005; Bintvihok et al, 2003; Khan et al, 2010; Arana et al, 2011). Animals are considered the most group exposed to high concentration of aflatoxins through feedstuffs that develop several health problems which lead to large economical losses. These losses are pronouncing in meat and eggs in terms of quality and quantity as a result of contamination with aflatoxins residues (Bintvihok et al, 2002; Farombi, 2006; Hall and Wild, 2003). Marine animals could be exposed to AFB1 contamination through feed chain and exerts threat to human when the concentration were higher than the permitted levels (Farabi et al, 2006). Epidemiological research proves the effect of AFB1 as a causative agent for liver cancer and human health hazards threats associated with food chain contamination with AFB and their metabolites
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