Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies invest in the development and testing of their drugs including funding clinical trials. Furthermore, pharmaceutical companies also spend a large amount of money on advertising. For instance, in 2016 US$6.7 billion was spent on direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising alone in the USA. Worldwide spending on medicines reached $1.2 trillion in 2018 and will exceed $1.5 trillion by 2023, according to “The Global Use of Medicine in 2019 and Outlook to 2023”. Although, access to essential medicines is problematic for one third of all persons worldwide. Limited access to essential medicines (EMs) for treating chronic diseases is a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)
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