Abstract
Several drugs, diagnostic procedures and toxins, both exogenous and endogenous, can endanger structural and functional kidney integrity. Its high vascularization as well as its ability to concentrate toxic substances in the tubule turn the kidney into a very vulnerable organ. Nephrotoxicity can be caused by toxic agents following various pathogenic ways. Three primary renal lesions appear: acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis and chronic interstitial nephritis. Although multiple etiology is involved in these entities, drug use is the most common cause. Aminoglycosides and iodinated contrasts are the most common nephrotoxic agents causing acute tubular necrosis. Drugs, mainly antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are involved in >75% of cases of acute interstitial nephritis. Finally, chronic interstitial nephritis has been mainly related to the chronic use of analgesics.
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