Afatinib treatment in a large real-world cohort of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with common and uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutation.

Abstract

The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) afatinib improves survival in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutation. We analysed the outcome between EGFR mutation subtypes in a large afatinib-treated cohort in which 516 EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients receiving afatinib as front-line treatment. EGFR uncommon mutations include exon 20 insertion, de novo T790M of high or low allele frequency (dT790MHAF /dT790MLAF ), non-T790M compound mutation and others, where EGFR exon 20 insertion and dT790MHAF were defined as type-I and the rest as type-II uncommon mutation. Four hundred and sixty-one (89.3%) and 55 (10.7%) patients were common and uncommon mutation, respectively. Exon 20 insertion and dT790MHAF patients demonstrated a significantly shortened progression-free survival (PFS) (2.6 and 4.1months) compared to EGFR common mutation, dT790MLAF and other uncommon mutation patients (15.1, 27.0 and 18.4months; P=3 × 10-8 ). Type-I uncommon mutation was an independent predictor of PFS (HR 4.46 [95% CI, 2.60-7.64]; P < .001) and OS (HR 2.56 [95% CI, 1.37-4.75]; P=.003). EGFR L858R patients demonstrated a significantly higher CNS progression (cause-specific HR, 3.16; 95% CI 1.24-8.08; P=.016), and type-I uncommon mutation patients exhibited a significantly higher systemic progression (cause-specific HR, 4.95; 95% CI 2.30-10.60; P=4.3 × 10-5 ). Tendencies of higher CNS and lower systemic progression were observed in type-II uncommon mutation patients. A PFS ≥ 12 months (OR 2.38 [95% CI, 1.18-4.89]; P=.016) and uncommon EGFR mutation (OR 0.08 [95% CI, 0.01-0.48]; P=.021) were independent predictors of secondary T790M. Afatinib-treated NSCLC patients presented an EGFR genotype-specific pattern of disease progression and outcome.