Abstract
Se presenta en este trabajo la doctrina de la šafā‘a, esto es, la intercesión escatológica del Profeta por su comunidad, desde la perspectiva de los nuevos vínculos de cohesión social de la sociedad religiosa instaurada por el islam que sustituían a la aṣabiyya tribal, constituyéndose la šafā‘a en el colofón y broche final de esos nuevos vínculos. Tras estudiar dicha doctrina se constata la seguridad de la salvación final que ofrece, elemento valiosísimo de cohesión social, y se destaca la exclusividad de la šafā‘a para solo el musulmán a través de la comparación de La disputa entre los animales y el hombre de los Ijwān al-Ṣafā’ con La disputa de l’ase de Turmeda y a través de la verdadera causa de la muerte de al-Ḥallāŷ según al-Rūmī. Hay, sin embargo, una excepción a esa exclusividad ya que existen musulmanes que quedan excluidos de la šafā‘a. Son estos, los herejes, quienes con la divulgación de sus nuevas doctrinas ponen en peligro la unidad y la cohesión de la comunidad. Se termina sugiriendo el posible calco de esta doctrina islámica en la devoción a la intercesión de la Virgen, pues la devoción mariana que con tanta fuerza irrumpe en el Occidente cristiano a partir del siglo XII, y que aparece reflejado en la Cantigas de Alfonso X el Sabio y en los Milagros de Nuestra Señora de Gonzalo de Berceo, es un fenómeno cuyo origen es todavía discutido.
Highlights
The doctrine of shafā‘a, that is to say, the eschatological intercession of the Prophet for his community, is presented in this work from the perspective of the new bonds of social cohesion of the religious society created by Islam that replaced the aṣabiyya tribal, being the shafā‘a the colophon and the final touch of these new links
After studying this doctrine the security of the final salvation that it offers, a most valuable element of social cohesion, is confirmed, and the exclusivity of the shafā‘a for only the Muslims is highlighted through the comparison of The dispute between the animals and the man of the Ijwān al-Ṣafā’ with Turmeda Dispute of the donkey and through the true cause of the death of al-Ḥallāj according to al-Rūmī
There is, an exception to this exclusivity since there are Muslims who are excluded from the shafā‘a. These are the heretics who, with the disclosure of their new doctrines, endanger the unity and cohesion of the community
Summary
The doctrine of shafā‘a, that is to say, the eschatological intercession of the Prophet for his community, is presented in this work from the perspective of the new bonds of social cohesion of the religious society created by Islam that replaced the aṣabiyya tribal, being the shafā‘a the colophon and the final touch of these new links.
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