Abstract
Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the world. Despite recent advances in cancer diagnoses and therapies, the five-year survival rate of oral cancer patients has remained at a dismal 50% in the last few decades. Oral cancer is of major concern in Southeast Asia primarily because of the prevalent oral habits namely betel quid chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption. This paper provides a brief overview on the various aetiological agents and risk factors implicated in the development of oral cancer.
Highlights
The three main factors which influence most diseases are lifestyle, environmental factors and genetic susceptibility [1]
Oral or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) development is influenced by all these factors namely tobacco, alcohol, diet and nutrition, viruses, radiation, ethnicity, familial and genetic predisposition, Candida infection, immunosuppression, the use of mouthwash, syphilis, dental factors, occupational risks and maté [2]
This study revealed that Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection alone is not tumourigenic but aids in carcinogenesis when combined with other risk factors like tobacco
Summary
The three main factors which influence most diseases are lifestyle, environmental factors and genetic susceptibility [1]. Oral or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) development is influenced by all these factors namely tobacco (smoking & smokeless), alcohol, diet and nutrition, viruses, radiation, ethnicity, familial and genetic predisposition, Candida infection, immunosuppression, the use of mouthwash, syphilis, dental factors, occupational risks and maté [2]
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