Aetiological spectrum of patients of pleural effusion – An observational study

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Background: Pleural effusion is a clinical condition that is a manifestation of various aetiologies and pathologies. The aetiologies vary in different geographical areas and different age groups. The goal of this study was to evaluate the aetiological spectrum of patients with pleural effusion presenting in the Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine. Materials and methods: 120 patients were involved in current study in which the detection of pleural effusion has been done based on the history, physical examination, and radiography. Pleural fluid was aspirated under USG guidance and then analyzed for various parameters. Results: The study showed male preponderance (70%). The commonest age group involved was between 31 to 40 years (25.83%). Most cases showed exudative effusion (96%). Tuberculosis was the most common aetiology (80%). Conclusion: Different geographical areas may have a different aetiological spectrum of pleural effusion. Tuberculosis is the most prevalent pleural effusion cause in our area involving middle age group with a male preponderance. Keywords: transudate; tuberculosis; exudate; pleural effusion; adenosine deaminase