Aesthetic evaluation of nasolabial reconstruction using abbe flap in bilateral cleft lip patients with secondary deformities

Abstract

The Abbe flap is a common technique frequently utilized in secondary surgery for bilateral cleft lip deformities, but objective indications for the Abbe flap remain unclear, and postoperative aesthetic evaluations are limited. The study group consisted of 92 bilateral cleft lip patients with secondary deformities aged 7-39 years, and the control group consisted of 33 people aged 19-35 years. Thirteen objective nasolabial aesthetic parameters were selected to evaluate patients' nasolabial aesthetics. Minor secondary deformities were characterized by a smaller lip height index than severe deformities, as well as a smaller columellar angle compared with moderate and severe deformities (P<0.05). For all patients, significant differences were found between preoperative and postoperative values of intercanthal distance/medial upper vermilion height ratio, intercanthal distance/medial upper lip height ratio, lip height index, lip vermilion height index, lip protrusion angle, columellar-labial angle, and nasal tip angle (P<0.05). For patients with minor deformity, intercanthal distance/philtrum width ratio and intercanthal distance/medial cutaneous upper lip height ratio showed no significant change postoperatively (P>0.05), and labial protrusion angle was smaller than the control group (P<0.05). Patients undergoing secondary surgery using an Abbe flap achieved good nasolabial aesthetics. Intercanthal distance/medial upper vermilion height ratio, intercanthal distance/medial upper lip height ratio, lip height index, columellar-labial angle, nasolabial angle, nasal tip angle, and columellar angle are the objective aesthetic indicators for Abbe flap selection. Intercanthal distance/philtrum width ratio, intercanthal distance/medial cutaneous upper lip height ratio, and labial protrusion angle are reference parameters for choosing an Abbe flap for secondary bilateral cleft lip revision.