Abstract
The industrial city of Shenyang in northeastern China has undergone a period of rapid development; long-term aerosol vertical properties could be relevant to more clearly understanding local emissions and their regional transportation. Aerosol optical depth (AOD), planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, and the vertical profiles of extinction coefficient, were measured and analyzed with ground-based Lidar during 2016 in Shenyang. Ground-level particulate matter mass concentrations, meteorological parameters, backward trajectories, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer products were used to study the pollutant sources in four cases using the potential source contribution function and concentration-weighted trajectory methods. The results indicate that the AOD was 0.10 ± 0.10 to 0.23 ± 0.34 from January to May, and approximately 0.49 ± 0.39 in July. The PBL height was highest in March (1318.7 ± 696.5 m) and lowest in winter (877.1 ± 508.1 m to 950.7 ± 762.3 m). The mass concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0 were highest in January at 148.2 ± 77.8 µg m–3, 106.0 ± 58.8 µg m–3, and 33.8 ± 20.5 µg m–3; and lowest in June at 56.2 ± 27.8 µg m–3, 33.7 ± 18.3 µg m–3, and 9.3 ± 6.0 µg m–3, respectively. The concentrations of SO2 and CO were higher in winter and lower in summer, whereas O3 concentrations were higher in summer and lower in winter. The monthly extinction coefficient was affected by dust events in spring and new particle generation in summer, as well as by biomass-burning and coal-burning emissions in autumn and winter. Four pollution sources—from northwestern, eastern, northern, and northeastern China—were selected to analyze the different paths and sources of pollutants affecting Shenyang. The results of this paper will be helpful in the study of continuous year-round aerosol vertical properties and the regional pollution features of northeast China.
Highlights
High aerosol loading is widely considered to be a principal factor affecting air quality (Doyle et al, 2002; Tsai et al, 2005; Lawrence et al, 2007; Che et al, 2011, 2012; Donateo et al, 2012; Tao et al, 2015)
This result shows that the lower planetary boundary layer (PBL) height was one of the main factors contributing to the deterioration in visibility
It has been suggested that mixing layer height (MLH) data retrieved from the lidar in Shenyang are more reliable than the PBL height for illustrating boundary layer variations
Summary
High aerosol loading is widely considered to be a principal factor affecting air quality (Doyle et al, 2002; Tsai et al, 2005; Lawrence et al, 2007; Che et al, 2011, 2012; Donateo et al, 2012; Tao et al, 2015). A ground-based lidar device is a direct remote sensing instrument with high spatial and temporal resolution that can provide vertical aerosol profiles (Tesche et al, 2007; Heese and Wiegner, 2008; Wu et al, 2012; Hänel et al, 2012; Cottle et al, 2014; Noh et al, 2017). (the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network), has been established to provide aerosol optical profiles over large temporal and spatial scales (Pappalardo et al, 2004, 2013). Ground-based lidar can provide vertical information on the layer structure, and the optical and microphysical properties of aerosols (Müller et al, 2001; Veselovskii et al, 2002; Ansmann et al, 2009; Mattis et al, 2010; Giannakaki et al, 2015, 2016). Depolarization profiles obtained from lidar can be used to distinguish between spherical (low depolarization ratios) and nonspherical (high depolarization ratios) particles to determine the light extinction as a function of the nonsphericity ratio (Sassen, 2005; Gasteiger et al, 2011; Ansmann et al, 2012; Nemuc et al, 2013)
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