Aerosol vaccines – perspectives and therapeutic impact

Abstract

Introduction: Aerosol vaccination is a promising non-injectable method that provides immune resistance to pathogens since it follows the natural route of transmission of many infectious agents. The immune response, occurring after intranasal or respiratory vaccine administration, provides credible protection due to the common mucosal immune system, excellent blood supply, and lung permeability. Aim: The study aims to highlight the unconventional and perspective application use of aerosol dosage forms as a technological approach for vaccine drug delivery. Materials and Methods: A detailed literature survey in scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate has been conducted, and the relevant information has been summarized and interpreted. Results: The aerosol vaccination method, as an alternative to the subcutaneous, intramuscular or intradermal application route, ensures defense against the inhaled pathogens, avoiding at the same time drawbacks associated with the injection administration such as the risk of reuse of disposable medical consumables, potential spreading of blood-borne diseases and the necessity of qualified medical personnel. Additionally, aerosol vaccination is an easier and more practical approach for patients, leading to improved compliance. Vaccines applied by the inhalation or nasal route of administration could be a successful approach for the treatment of diseases such as measles, tuberculosis, or influenza A, that although preventable, remain a global challenge. Conclusion: The aerosol method is promising for vaccine delivery with the potential to be fully evaluated in the upcoming years.