Abstract
Three plates roughened with regular arrays of cylindrical and hemispherical depressions were tested in a wind tunnel to gain insight into the aerodynamic effects of depression roughness. The term depression roughness refers to configurations where the roughness elements are depressions whose plan area constitutes less than about one-third of the total surface area. The effects of the three depression-roughness configurations on law-of-the-wall parameters were determined. They were found to be much less than that of protrusion roughness of corresponding cross section. Hemispherical depressions produced greater increases in skin friction than cylindrical depressions of the same diameter and depth. Flow development along surfaces with depression roughness can be computed using the same methods used for protrusion roughness, provided that an equivalent protrusion height can be established for the depressions
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