Abstract
An experimental study of primary breakup of turbulent liquids is described, emphasizing liquid/gas density ratios less than 500 where aerodynamics effects are important. The experiments involved multiphase mixing layers along round water jets (3.6 and 6.2 mm in diameter) injected at various velocities into still helium, air, and Freon 12 at pressures of 1 and 2 atm with fully developed turbulent pipe flow at the jet exit. Puked shadowgraph photography and holography were used to find conditions at the onset of breakup as well as drop properties as a function of distance from the jet exit. Two main aerodynamic effects were observed, as follows: (1) enhanced primary breakup near the onset of breakup; and (2) merged primary and secondary breakup when the Rayleigh breakup times of ligaments formed by turbulent fluctuations were longer than the secondary breakup times of similar sized drops. The predictions of phenomenological theories based on these ideas were in good agreement with the measurements.
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