Aerodynamic Design Optimization of a Morphing Leading Edge and Trailing Edge Airfoil–Application on the UAS-S45

Musavir Bashir,Ruxandra Mihaela Botez,Simon Longtin-Martel,Tony Wong

doi:10.3390/app11041664

Abstract

This work presents an aerodynamic optimization method for a Droop Nose Leading Edge (DNLE) and Morphing Trailing Edge (MTE) of a UAS-S45 root airfoil by using Bezier-PARSEC parameterization. The method is performed using a hybrid optimization technique based on a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm combined with a Pattern Search algorithm. This is needed to provide an efficient exploitation of the potential configurations obtained by the PSO algorithm. The drag minimization and the endurance maximization were investigated for these configurations individually as two single-objective optimization functions. The aerodynamic calculations in the optimization framework were performed using the XFOIL solver with flow transition estimation criteria, and these results were next validated with a Computational Fluid Dynamics solver using the Transition γ−Reθ Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. The optimization was conducted at different flight conditions. Both the DNLE and MTE optimized airfoils showed a significant improvement in the overall aerodynamic performance, and MTE airfoils increased the efficiency of CL3/2/CD by 10.25%, indicating better endurance performance. Therefore, both DNLE and MTE configurations show promising results in enhancing the aerodynamic efficiency of the UAS-S45 airfoil.

Highlights

IntroductionThe goal of reducing global fuel consumption and fuel-related emissions has placed tremendous pressure on the aviation industry
The aerodynamic optimization considered in this study applies to both Droop Nose
Every flight condition is defined by a specific Mach number, altitude (Reynolds number and temperature are calculated according to ISO standard atmosphere) and a fixed lift coefficient

Summary

Introduction

The goal of reducing global fuel consumption and fuel-related emissions has placed tremendous pressure on the aviation industry. Reducing fuel consumption will benefit both the world environment and the air transport industry. Even though there is no settled definition for “morphing”, this term is borrowed in Aviation Technology from avian flight to describe the ability to modify maneuvers at certain flight characteristics in order to obtain the best possible performance. This type of application requires morphing structures capable of adapting to changing flight conditions. Both military and civilian aircraft traditionally fly at a single or few optimum flight conditions; morphing, is envisioned to increase the number of optimum operational points for a given aircraft [5]

Methods

Results

Conclusion