Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation associated with aerobic exercise using measures of oxidative stress in rats exposed to air pollution.Methods: Sixty-one male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: residual oil fly ash (ROFA) exposure and sedentary (ROFA-SED); ROFA exposure, sedentary and supplemented (ROFA-SED-CrPic); ROFA exposure and trained (ROFA-AT); ROFA exposure, supplemented and trained (ROFA-AT-CrPic); sedentary (Sal-SED); sedentary and supplemented (Sal-SED-CrPic); trained (Sal-AT); and supplemented and trained (Sal-AT-CrPic). Rats exposed to ROFA (air pollution) received 50 µg of ROFA daily via intranasal instillation. Supplemented rats received CrPic (1 mg/kg/day) daily by oral gavage. Exercise training was performed on a rat treadmill (5×/week). Oxidative parameters were evaluated at the end of protocols.Results: Trained groups demonstrated lower gain of body mass (P < .001) and increased exercise tolerance (P < .0001). In the gastrocnemius, trained groups demonstrated increased SOD activity (P < .0001) and decrease levels of TBARS (P = .0014), although CAT activity did not differ among groups (P = .4487).Conclusion: Air pollution exposure did not lead to alterations in oxidative markers in lungs and heart, and exercise training was responsible for decreasing oxidative stress of the gastrocnemius.
Highlights
Air pollution is currently classified as a leading environmental cause of cancer and ranked as one of the top 10 causes of disability [1,2,3]
Our study started with 64 animals; during the study, there were three losses due to causes not related to the experiments
Initial body mass did not differ among groups (P > .05) and at the end of the study, all groups showed a mean increase in body mass of 236% (P < .001)
Summary
Air pollution is currently classified as a leading environmental cause of cancer and ranked as one of the top 10 causes of disability [1,2,3]. There is strong evidence that pollutants present in air are responsible for the detrimental effects of air pollution, triggering oxidative stress and systemic inflammation [3,6,7]. These effects contribute to the pathological mechanism, increasing the susceptibility of the population to developing chronic diseases [6,7]. Physical inactivity is one of the most significant public health problems of the twenty-first century and is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide [8,9], whereas physical activity demonstrates well-established health benefits [10,11,12]. The majority of studies investigating air pollution and exercise, have demonstrated controversial findings [13,14,15,16]
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