Aerobic Training Down-Regulates Pentraxin 3 and Pentraxin 3/Toll-Like Receptor 4 Ratio, Irrespective of Oxidative Stress Response, in Elderly Subjects.

Javier González-Gallego,Chun-Jung Huang,Michael Whitehurst,Alexandra L Rodriguez,María J Cuevas,Nishant P Visavadiya,Brisamar Estébanez

doi:10.3390/antiox9020110

Javier González-Gallego, Chun-Jung Huang + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020110

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Abstract

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-mediated cellular aging has been linked to diseases such as atherothrombosis and cancer. Although pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is associated with aging-related diseases via TLR4-dependent anti-inflammatory effects, its relationship with oxidative stress in aging remains to be elucidated. Exercise is proposed as the key intervention for health maintenance in the elderly. This study aimed to examine the association of PTX3 levels with changes in oxidative stress in both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), following aerobic training in elderly adults. Nine trained and five controls participated in an eight-week aerobic training protocol. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analyses were used to determine PTX3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and levels of oxidative stress biomarkers [3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC), reactive oxygen/ nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)] in plasma and/or PBMCs. Results showed a down-regulation of PTX3 expression in PBMCs following aerobic training, along with decreased PTX3/TLR4 ratios. Oxidative stress responses in PBMCs remained unchanged with the exercise protocol. Comparable levels of plasma PTX3 and oxidative stress biomarkers were observed in trained vs. control groups. No correlation was found between PTX3 and any oxidative stress biomarkers following training. These findings demonstrated the down-regulation of PTX3 and PTX3/TLR4 ratio, irrespective of oxidative stress response, in elderly adults following eight weeks of aerobic training.

Highlights

The normal process of aging has been associated with elevated oxidative stress, as a result of the imbalance between the physiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant cell status [1]
To further verify inflammatory levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline, our results demonstrated comparable expression of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) (t [12] = 1.318, p = 0.212), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (t [12] = 0.847, p = 0.414) and PTX3/TLR4 ratio (t [12] = 0.163, p = 0.873) in the elderly trained group compared to controls
Our results did not demonstrate any changes in plasma levels of PTX3 and oxidative stress biomarkers in elderly trained group compared to controls following the training protocol

Summary

Introduction

The normal process of aging has been associated with elevated oxidative stress, as a result of the imbalance between the physiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant cell status [1]. Excess production of free radicals can unfavourably modify cellular structural and functional components (e.g., lipids, proteins and DNA) [5], leading to cell senescence as a major risk factor for aging and aging-related diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases) [6]. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 110 through the activation of intracellular pattern recognition receptors, thereby contributing to a chronic low-grade pro-inflammatory systemic state in aging [5]. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition molecule mainly released from vascular/lymphatic endothelial cells and immunes cells (neutrophils and monocytes) [7] following immune stimulation (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists) [8]. PTX3 has been shown to utilize its counter-regulatory function in promoting an anti-inflammatory response [7]

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