Abstract
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to determine the differential effects of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), and a combination of aerobic and resistance training (AT/RT) on changes in self-rated HrQoL measures, including the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) survey and Satisfaction with Physical Function and Appearance survey. We also sought to determine if combination training (AT/RT) has a more or less additive effect compared to AT or RT alone on self-rated HrQoL measures.Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 137) completed one of three 8-month exercise interventions: (1) AT: 14 kcal exercise expenditure per kg of body weight per week (KKW; equivalent to roughly 12 miles/week) at 65–80% of peak oxygen consumption; (2) RT: 3 days per week, 8 exercises, 3 sets per exercise, 8–12 repetitions per set; (3) AT/RT: full combination of the AT and RT interventions. The SF-36 survey, Satisfaction with Physical Function and Appearance survey, physical fitness, and anthropometrics were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Paired t-tests determined significant pre- vs. post-intervention scores within groups (p < 0.05). Analyses of covariance determined differences in change scores among groups (p < 0.05).Results: On average, participants were 49.0 ± 10.6 years old, obese (BMI: 30.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2), female (57.7%), and Caucasian (84.7%). Following the 8-month intervention, exercise groups improved peak VO2 (all groups), strength (RT and AT/RT), and anthropometric measures (AT and AT/RT). For the SF-36, RT (p = 0.03) and AT/RT (p < 0.001) significantly improved their physical component score; only AT/RT (p < 0.001) significantly improved their mental component score. Notably, all groups significantly improved both their satisfaction with physical function and appearance scores (All Groups: p < 0.001 for both outcomes).Conclusions: We found that aerobic, resistance, or combination exercise training improves several components of self-rated HrQoL, including physical function, appearance, and mental well-being.Clinical Trial Registration: No. NCT00275145.
Highlights
Health-related Quality of Life (HrQoL) is a multi-dimensional concept encompassing physical, emotional, and mental wellbeing
The STRRIDE aerobic training (AT)/resistance training (RT) study provided a unique opportunity to determine if an 8-month combination AT/RT exercise intervention had a more or less additive effect on measures of selfrated HrQoL compared to AT and RT alone using a secondary analysis
The primary findings of the parent STRRIDE-AT/RT study were as follows: (1) the RT program significantly improved peak VO2 and strength, with all other cardiometabolic outcomes not effected, (2) the AT program resulted in significant improvements in body mass, peak VO2, and triglycerides, and (3) the full combination of AT/RT resulted in significant improvements in body mass, peak VO2, strength, triglycerides, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, ATP III score, and Metabolic Syndrome z-score (Bateman et al, 2011)
Summary
Health-related Quality of Life (HrQoL) is a multi-dimensional concept encompassing physical, emotional, and mental wellbeing. Self-perception—which includes satisfaction with both physical function (SPF) and physical appearance (SPA)—is an influential component of HrQoL (Reboussin et al, 2000; Awick et al, 2015). Poor SPF is associated with low self-efficacy, greater impairment in functional mobility, less fitness, and depressive symptoms (Katula et al, 2004). Poor SPA is associated with low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and plays a role in eating disorder etiology (Cook and Harman, 2008; Jackson et al, 2014; Seppälä et al, 2014). Low selfperception of physical function and appearance can lead to a decline in overall HrQoL (Homan and Tylka, 2014; Seppälä et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2018)
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