Abstract
Monocyte‐derived endothelial progenitor cells (monocyte‐derived EPCs) potentially incorporate into the injured vessels and subsequently trans differentiate into vascular endothelial cells. This study explicates the manner in which interval and continuous exercise regimens affect central/peripheral hemodynamic responses to exercise by modulating various monocyte‐derived EPC subsets. Sixty healthy sedentary males were randomized to engage either aerobic exercise training (AIT, 3‐minute intervals at 40% and 80% VO2max, n=20) or moderate continuous training (MCT, sustained 60% VO2max, n=20) for 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks, or to a control group that did not received exercise intervention (n=20). Monocyte‐derived EPC characteristics and angiogenic factor production were measured at rest and following hypoxic exercise test (HE, 100W under 12%O2). The results demonstrated that AIT exhibited larger improvements in VO2max, peak cardiac output (QH) and peak perfusions of frontal cerebral lobe (QFC) and vastus lateralis (QVL), and flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) of brachial artery than the MCT group. Furthermore, AIT (i) increased circulating Mono‐1 and Mono‐2 EPC counts; (ii) diminished the shedding of endothelial cells; and (iii) promoted the migration and tube formation of EPCs at rest or following HE, compared to those of MCT. Additionally, Mono‐1 and ‐2 EPC counts were directly related to VO2max, peak QH/QFC/QVL levels, and FDM. Therefore, we conclude that AIT is superior to MCT for enhancing aerobic capacity and hemodynamic responses to exercise, possibly by promoting the mobilization/functionality of monocyte‐derived EPCs.Support or Funding InformationNational Science Council of Taiwan (grant number NSC 100‐2314‐B‐182‐004‐MY3), Chang Gung Medical Research Program (grant number CMRPD3D0131), and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University (grant number EMRPD1A0841)
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