Aerial Spraying and Its Impacts on Human Health in Banana-Growing Areas of Ecuador.

Abstract

The present work examines the relationship between aerial spraying and its health impacts on the population living in the banana production areas of Ecuador (the rural sectors of the cantons Milagro and Naranjito, Guayas Province). Objectives: the objectives of this study are to obtain information on sanitation, basic services, and environmental rationality and to interpret the low levels of cholinesterase and prevalent diseases among the population. Methods: the methodology involved a face-to-face questionnaire, the formal authorization of an informed consent document, and venipuncture for cholinesterase tests. The information was processed in the EPI-INFO system 7.2 (statistical software for professionals and researchers dedicated to public health), with the certification of protocols issued by the Bioethics Committee of the Kennedy Hospital Clinic of Ecuador. Results: the results showed that 89.5% of inhabitants do not have access to drinking water, 92.5% do not have a sewage disposal service, 97.50% experience aerial spraying at their homes or workplaces, and 57% have low cholinesterase levels. Additionally, several gastrointestinal, respiratory, neurological, dermatological, and reproductive disorders were detected among the inhabitants. Conclusions: we found that companies in the banana sector have not implemented corporate social responsibility measures. For example, no blood tests are conducted to monitor cholinesterase levels or to track hereditary disorders. Moreover, entities such as the Ministry of Public Health have not taken action to serve this at-risk population.