Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of various relevant arthropod-borne viral infectious diseases worldwide. The mosquito control is still mainly performed by using insecticides but their effectiveness is increasingly questioned nowadays. We here conducted a study on Ae. aegypti resistance development towards several commonly used insecticides in the capital city of Jakarta, Indonesia. In order to achieve this goal, Ae. aegypti eggs from Jakarta were collected with ovitraps and hatched in the insectary of the Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia. The F0 generations were used for WHO resistance tests and knockdown resistance (kdr) assays. Presented results clearly showed that there was resistance development of Ae. aegypti populations to the here tested pyrethroid insecticides (i. e. permethrin). Observed mortalities were less than 90% with highest resistance against 0.75% permethrin concentrations. Furthermore, a significant association of V1016G gene mutations with resistance phenotypes to 0.75% permethrin was observed. Nevertheless, the F1534C mutation did not show a significant correlation to resistance development. In conclusion, our results show that populations of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes within the city of Jakarta have developed resistance against several routinely used pyrethroid insecticides in local performed control programs. Thus, the regular verification/assessment of resistance development status will hopefully help in the future to assist local public health authorities in their mosquito control programs by recommending and managing the rotation of different routinely used insecticides with diverse effector mechanisms in order to delay Ae. aegypti resistance development.
Highlights
Dengue fever (DF) transmitted by the mosquito Ae. aegypti is still a major public health concern for human beings living in the Republic of Indonesia
Highest resistance were observed against permethrin when compared to any other tested insecticides
The here investigated Ae. aegypti population of Jakarta is clearly resistant to several frequently used insecticides and with mortalities less than 90%
Summary
Dengue fever (DF) transmitted by the mosquito Ae. aegypti is still a major public health concern for human beings living in the Republic of Indonesia. Reported human DF cases have dramatically increased in the past decades in Indonesia. As such in 1968 only 58 human DF cases were reported to occur, whereas in the year 2015 a total of 126,675 DF cases were reported with a clear tendency of increased annual occurrence [1]. Besides increasing international travel activities of unapparent Zika-positive humans worldwide as an important risk factor [4,5,6], its spread within non-endemic countries is surely transmitted and secured by the presence of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Even the spread of non-infectious diseases, such as cancer, has been reported to occur by mosquito bites of Ae. aegypti which mechanically transfered tumor cells from sick individuals into healthy ones in vivo [8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
