Abstract
Typhoid and paratyphoid are bacterial infections that can cause serious symptoms in travellers. Mary Gawthrop explains the role of the practice nurse in assessing risk and providing protection against these illnesses Typhoid, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, and paratyphoid, caused by other Salmonella enterica serotypes, are known as enteric fever. Both diseases are spread by the faecal–oral route, and therefore are predominantly diseases of countries with inadequate sanitation and poor public health resources. Typhoid is endemic in South Asia and parts of South-East Asia, the Middle East, Central and South America, and Africa. Most UK travellers diagnosed with typhoid and paratyphoid had recently travelled to the Indian subcontinent—Bangladesh, India or Pakistan—to visit friends and relatives. In the UK, currently an oral, live vaccine and injectable, inactivated vaccines are available. The vaccines only protect against typhoid and not paratyphoid infection, and are not 100% effective. Therefore, practice nurses should remind travellers of the importance of food and water hygiene measures.
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