Abstract
The categories of calls previously described for the closely related species Pithecopus azureus and P. hypochondrialis are reassessed. In addition, the advertisement and aggressive calls of P. azureus from Brazil-Paraguay border in southwestern state of Mato Grosso do Sul in western Brazil are redescribed. Intraspecific comparisons of call traits are made for populations of P. azureus from Argentina and Bolivia, and the vocalization of P. azureus is also compared with that of the closely related species of the P. hypochondrialis Group (subclade of lowland species). Given the similarities among the advertisement calls of P. azureus, P. hypochondrialis, and P. nordestinus, it seems that acoustic traits, at least solely, should not be employed as reliable diagnostic characters among these species
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