Adverse impact of diabetes mellitus on left ventricular remodelling in patients with chronic primary mitral regurgitation

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has an impact on left ventricular (LV) geometry and function, and is associated with worsening of pressure-overload LV remodelling; however, its impact on volume-overload LV remodelling is unknown. The objective of the study was to examine the association between DM and LV remodelling in patients with chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by mitral valve prolapse. During a median follow-up of 3.26 [interquartile range 1.59-6.06] years, we evaluated the evolution of echocardiographic variables in 375 consecutive patients, including 61 (16%) patients with DM. The main endpoint was LV remodelling evaluated by LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and LV mass index increase. LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and ejection fraction (LVEF) were also evaluated. Patients with DM increased their LVEDD more than patients without DM (1.98±4.1 vs 0.15±4.54mm/year of follow-up; P=0.002). LVEF remained stable in the two groups. After adjustment for potential confounders, including age, sex, hypertension, body mass index, MR severity, medications and follow-up duration, DM remained independently associated with LVEDD increase (β=2.30; P<0.001). When comparing patients with DM with patients without DM matched for age, sex and LVEDD at baseline, DM was independently associated with increased LVEDD (β=2.14; P=0.002), LV mass index (β=10.7; P=0.004) and LVESD (β=2.07; P=0.01). DM is associated with worsening of LV remodelling in patients with moderate or severe chronic MR caused by mitral valve prolapse.