Adverse histology, homozygous loss of CDKN2A/B, and complex genomic alterations in locally advanced/metastatic renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma.

Abstract

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma with characteristic histologic features and chromosomal alterations. Although typically indolent, a small subset of cases has been reported to exhibit aggressive clinical behavior. We retrospectively identified 33 patients with MTSCC, consisting of 10 cases of locally advanced / metastatic-MTSCC (pT3 or N1 or M1) and 23 kidney confined-MTSCC (pT1/T2) without disease recurrence or progression. Utilizing a single nucleotide polymorphism array and a targeted next-generation sequencing platform, we examined genome-wide molecular alterations in 24 cases, including 11 available samples from 8 patients with locally advanced / metastatic-MTSCC. Ten patients with locally advanced / metastatic-MTSCC were 8 females (80%) and 2 males (20%). At nephrectomy, 7 of these 10 cases (70%) were pT3 or pN1 while the remaining 3 (30%) were pT1/T2. Eight patients (80%) developed metastases and common sites included lymph node (4, 40%), bone (4, 40%), and retroperitoneum (3, 30%). Four patients died of disease (40%) during follow-up. Locally advanced / metastatic-MTSCCs shared typical MTSCC genomic profiles with loss of chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, and 22, while some exhibited additional complex genomic alterations, most frequently a relative gain of 1q (7/8). Homozygous loss of CDKN2A/B was observed in 3 (38%) locally advanced / metastatic-MTSCCs. Tumor necrosis, solid nested/sheet pattern, irregular trabecular/single-file infiltration in a desmoplastic stroma, lymphovascular space invasion, and increased mitotic activity were associated with locally advanced / metastatic-MTSCCs (all p < 0.05). Our findings reveal that MTSCCs with aggressive clinical behavior have progressed through clonal evolution; CDKN2A/B deletion and additional complex genomic abnormalities may contribute to this process. Recognizing the morphologic presentation of high grade MTSCC and evaluating adverse histologic features seen in these tumors can help establish a definitive diagnosis and stratify patients for treatment and prognostication.