Abstract
Considering triclosan (TCS) is ubiquitous in surface water and wild fish at relatively high concentrations, its adverse effects on gonadal development and reproduction were evaluated. After exposure for 100 days after hatching, the lowest observable effective concentration (LOEC) of TCS to significantly induce gonadal intersex in male Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was 117.9 ng/L. Courtship frequency and hatching rates in male medaka were significantly inhibited, and the LOECs of TCS to impact courtship frequency and hatching rates were 117.9 and 17.2 ng/L, respectively. Male medaka were also exposed to binary mixtures of 2.2 ng/L 17β-estradiol (βE2) with 2.3 ng/L TCS and 2.4 ng/L βE2 with 117.9 ng/L TCS, and a more severe intersex induction and depressed mating behavior compared to those seen after exposure to only βE2 or TCS were observed. The adverse effects of TCS and binary mixtures with βE2 on testicular development and reproduction in fish at environmentally relevant concentrations are demonstra...
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