Abstract
Opioid analgesic drugs are widely used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain as well as symptomatic treatment of dyspnoea. However, the use of opioids may cause central adverse effects, such as delirium, cognitive impairment, sedation, hallucinations, myocloni, seizures, hyperalgesia, sleep and mood disorders. The ability to diagnose and properly manage the above adverse effects is important for the proper treatment of patients receiving opioid analgesics.
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