Adverse Drug Reactions: Identification, Prevention and Management

Abstract

This article addresses the critical aspects of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), focusing on their identification, prevention, and management. ADRs, defined as harmful or unintended reactions to drugs, necessitate a nuanced understanding due to their varying severity. Side effects, though not always harmful, can evolve into ADRs, prompting intervention. The decision-making process involves assessing the adverse reaction's severity, potential benefits of the drug, and the overall risk-benefit profile for the patient. Healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in monitoring and reporting ADRs to regulatory authorities for ongoing drug safety assessment. The article further discusses the classification of ADRs and outlines strategies for identification, including clinical manifestations, patient reporting, and pharmacovigilance systems. Management strategies, particularly in the case of anaphylaxis, underscore the importance of early recognition, acute therapy, and drug discontinuation. The prevention of ADRs involves a comprehensive approach, encompassing patient assessment, communication among healthcare providers, education, and the use of electronic health records. The collaborative effort between stakeholders and active participation in pharmacovigilance programs contribute to ongoing drug safety enhancement. The article concludes by emphasizing the collective goal of minimizing ADR occurrence and impact to enhance overall pharmacotherapy safety and effectiveness.