Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) and Pharmacovigilance: A Current Prospectives

Abstract

Unwanted medication response is defined as "a significantly undesirable or harmful reaction; side effects typically indicate a risk from additional management and contact for prevention, special care, a change in the dosage schedule, or withdrawal of the product. Generally, ADR have been divided into two types: Type-A which is dose dependent and predictable on the basis of the pharmacology of the drug. e.g. beta blocker. Type-B which is unpredictable and not dose dependent. e.g. anticonvulsant. The science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse events or any other drug-related problem" is the definition of pharmacovigilance. Post-marketing surveillance and additional ADR monitoring techniques include prescription event monitoring, digital medical record connection, voluntary reporting by hospitals (such as the UK's Yellow Card System), cohort/case control studies, and personal case reports from physicians. Because preventing or reducing the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) continues to be a challenge in our daily clinical practice, reaching the highest level of possible results from treatments continue to be a top priority for individual clinicians.