Abstract
Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) may negatively impact mental, emotional, and physical health. The study’s main goal was to understand ACEs and associated adverse health outcomes, specifically focusing on the ACE exposures to Sacramento County residents. Sacramento County was chosen as it includes a big metropolitan community of about 1.5 million people. PubMed was used to identify research articles on the correlation between ACEs and adverse health outcomes during adulthood, and the disparities in healthcare services provided to County residents. Generally, the results demonstrate that ACEs are associated with a range of negative health outcomes. There is a need for interventions to mitigate the adverse impact that ACEs have on the health of both pediatric and adult populations. Studies indicate that County residents have a high probability of experiencing an ACE exposure or a set of circumstances that exacerbate the effect of ACEs. Some examples of ACEs specific to residents include low socioeconomic status or severe economic hardship, medical trauma, household dysfunction, discrimination, hunger, limited resource accessibility, and poor mental health. Despite the incomplete knowledge on ACEs from a biological standpoint, unpredictable range of ACE health outcomes, and non-standardized treatment protocols, data support that ACEs adversely impact the health status of residents, and studies support intervention.
Highlights
Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) are mentally and emotionally traumatic experiences that may occur during adolescence
Barnes et al reported that psychological stress due to ACE exposures is a toxic strain on the body associated with altered gene expression and physical maturation (2020)
The study found that an increase in ACE exposures is associated with an increased probability of developing both health conditions—but the risk was higher for depression compared to post-traumatic stress disorder
Summary
Adverse Childhood Events (ACEs) are mentally and emotionally traumatic experiences that may occur during adolescence. A variety of circumstances can be categorized as ACE exposures These include experiences such as neglect, maltreatment, and abuse which can harm an individual psychologically, emotionally, and physically. The percentage of Sacramento County residents in poverty is 12.6%, which is higher than the California average of 11.8% (U.S Census Bureau, 2020). Residents in this County have a high risk of experiencing an ACE exposure or circumstances that exacerbate the effect of ACEs. Residents in this County have a high risk of experiencing an ACE exposure or circumstances that exacerbate the effect of ACEs These include low socioeconomic status or severe economic hardship, medical trauma, household dysfunction, discrimination, hunger, limited resource accessibility, and poor mental health. This study presents the results of a literature review on ACEs and adverse health outcomes, focusing on the ACE exposures that Sacramento County residents experience
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