Adversarial Information Bottleneck.

Abstract

The information bottleneck (IB) principle has been adopted to explain deep learning in terms of information compression and prediction, which are balanced by a tradeoff hyperparameter. How to optimize the IB principle for better robustness and figure out the effects of compression through the tradeoff hyperparameter are two challenging problems. Previous methods attempted to optimize the IB principle by introducing random noise into learning the representation and achieved the state-of-the-art performance in the nuisance information compression and semantic information extraction. However, their performance on resisting adversarial perturbations is far less impressive. To this end, we propose an adversarial IB (AIB) method without any explicit assumptions about the underlying distribution of the representations, which can be optimized effectively by solving a min-max optimization problem. Numerical experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate its effectiveness on learning more invariant representations and mitigating adversarial perturbations compared to several competing IB methods. In addition, we analyze the adversarial robustness of diverse IB methods contrasting with their IB curves and reveal that IB models with the hyperparameter β corresponding to the knee point in the IB curve achieve the best tradeoff between compression and prediction and has the best robustness against various attacks.