Adventitious organogenesis and phytochemical composition of Madonna lily (Lilium candidum L.) in vitro modeled by different light quality

Abstract

Lilium candidum L. is a plant with rich cultural traditions and huge potential in floriculture and modern medicine. Our study analyzed the effects of light emitting diodes (LEDs) of variable quality on adventitious organogenesis induced in bulb scales placed on Murashige and Skoog medium. In addition to the spectral compositions of red (100%), blue (100%), and red and blue light (RB ratio 7:3), RB light was mixed in equal proportions (50%) with green (RBG), yellow (RBY), UV (RBUV), and far red (RBfR) light. We also tested white LED (Wled). Fluorescent lamp light (Fl) and darkness (D) served as controls. We assessed the effects of light on the morphometric features as well as the physiological and biochemical quality of the bulblets (adventitious bulbs). Bulb formation was observed under all light qualities, even in darkness, albeit to a limited extent. White LED light (Wled) treatment translated into the highest efficiency of bulblet formation and the greatest number of bulbs with developed leaves. The leaves, even though the shortest ones, also developed as a result of RBG treatment, and this light mixture enhanced the diameter of the forming bulblets. The bulbletsunder this light spectrum accumulated the most chlorophyll and carotenoids. The bulblets formed under B, RBfR and RBG LED had more than two times higher phenoliclevels than those formed under R LED and Fl. The bulbletsformed under B LED were the richest in soluble sugars, similarly to those developing in darkness (D).