Advent and Nature of Dark Matter - A Brief Summary

Abstract

Thanks to the recent developments in observational technology, the study of cosmology today is often called precision cosmology. Nevertheless, present cosmology still involves a big mystery. That is, among the Universe's energy budget, cosmologists have known for some time that dark matter occupies 23% of the Universe, dark energy occupies 73%, and the baryon occupies the remaining 4%. That is, 76% of the Universe still remains a complete mystery. In the present work, therefore, we would like to present our current understanding of dark matter, as well as the puzzle associated with its existence. That the nature of dark matter in the present Universe still remains a complete mystery or puzzle is fair to say. In the present work, however, we challenge a brief, albeit reliable, summary of up-to-date observational evidence for the existence of dark matter and introduce the theories underlying it.