Abstract
Salivary diagnostics is an emerging field for the encroachment of point of care technology (PoCT). The necessity of the development of point-of-care (PoC) technology, the potential of saliva, identification and validation of biomarkers through salivary diagnostic toolboxes, and a broad overview of emerging technologies is discussed in this review. Furthermore, novel advanced techniques incorporated in devices for the early detection and diagnosis of several oral and systemic diseases in a non-invasive, easily-monitored, less time consuming, and in a personalised way is explicated. The latest technology detection systems and clinical utilities of saliva as a liquid biopsy, electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM), biosensors, smartphone technology, microfluidics, paper-based technology, and how their futuristic perspectives can improve salivary diagnostics and reduce hospital stays by replacing it with chairside screening is also highlighted.
Highlights
Laboratory testing remains the dominant mainstay for analytical processes of a large number of samples involving the disciplines of biochemistry, haematology, microbiology, anatomical pathology, and much more [1]
Utilised as a diagnostic for disease even for of forensic. In this particular technology works, developed devices for detection of various diseases, and the future prospects review, we present the current knowledge of saliva, diagnostic toolboxes, how PoC technology works, of utilisingPoC
The current review presents a broad overview on salivary diagnostics, the validation of biomarkers through diagnostic toolboxes, discussion related to new biomarker-related PoC
Summary
Laboratory testing remains the dominant mainstay for analytical processes of a large number of samples involving the disciplines of biochemistry, haematology, microbiology, anatomical pathology, and much more [1]. 7, 39 growing 2017, potential of developing PoCT, the World Health Organization (WHO) provided guidelines which had the features for designing devices, known as the ASSURED criteria, which indicated that devices hadfor to designing be affordable, sensitive, user-friendly, rapid andindicated robust, with no complex the features devices, knownspecific, as the ASSURED criteria, which that devices had equipment, and be delivered to end users efficiently. Consists of DNA, mRNA, microRNA, proteins, metabolites, and microbiota and oral epithelial sheds for the production of whole mouth fluid (WMF) [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. DNA, mRNA, microRNA, proteins,and metabolites, and microbiota this particular review,fluid we present theanalysis current and knowledge saliva,analysis diagnostic toolboxes, how PoC utilised as a diagnostic for disease even for of forensic [13,14]. Developed devices for detection of various diseases, and the future prospects of utilising saliva as a diagnostic tool
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